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Glossary

Block
Block is the unit within a blockchain that stores transactions and transaction-related data, typically composed of a block header and block body.
Blockchain
A distributed structure formed by consensus-confirmed blocks which are connected in chronological order.
Smart Contract
A contract defined in digital form that can automatically execute clauses.
Transaction
Also referred to as an event, it is a recorded instance of atomic ledger data state change, its process, and outcome on the blockchain.
Transaction Hash
The unique hash value generated after a successful transaction is recorded on the blockchain.
Peer-to-peer Networking
A computer network consisting only of nodes that are equivalent in terms of control and operational capabilities.
TEE (Trusted Execution Environment)
Provides hardware-level resource isolation and trust measurement capabilities, with Intel SGX being the most representative example.
Hash
Defaultly computed by the SHA-256 algorithm, it's an encrypted string displayed in hexadecimal format.
Merkle root
In the construction of a Merkle tree, the final unique hash value calculated by pairwise computations from bottom to top is known as the Merkle root.
Slot
Each slot generates a block, and in CESS, the duration of a slot is 6 seconds.
Epoch
Based on BABE algorithm, an epoch is a time period divided into smaller time slots. Each slot has at least one slot leader, who has the authority to propose a block.
Era
A collection of six epochs. At the end of each era, the consensus rewards for that era are settled. In the fifth epoch, the validator list for the next era is elected.
PoDR²（Proof of Data Reduplication and Recovery）
Data duplication and recovery proof algorithm, used to prove the authenticity of the data.
​R²S（Random Rotational Selection）​
Random/reputation-based round-robin selection consensus algorithm, underlying based on Polkadot's GRANDPA and NPoS consensus algorithms.
cid（Content Identifier）
Content identifier, used to uniquely identify a specific piece of data content.
Data segment
Dividing a complete data file according to storage specifications, splitting it into fixed-sized data segments.
Data fragment
The data fragment formed after applying redundancy encoding to segments.
Data chunk
When challenging data, data chunk are formed by dividing the fragments into smaller chunk
Data Marking
The Enclave of the TEE Worker is responsible for processing file F and generating a signature-based tag for later proof generation and verification. The TEE Worker sends the output parameters along with file F to storage nodes for storage. The process of invoking this algorithm is also referred to as "Marking."
TEE Worker
Primarily responsible for marking data and generating random data for storage nodes to verify their idle space.
WebAssembly(Wasm)
A stack-based virtual machine instruction format. In CESS, runtime modules are compiled into WebAssembly (Wasm), which is also referred to as Wasm.

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Block	Block is the unit within a blockchain that stores transactions and transaction-related data, typically composed of a block header and block body.
Blockchain	A distributed structure formed by consensus-confirmed blocks which are connected in chronological order.
Smart Contract	A contract defined in digital form that can automatically execute clauses.
Transaction	Also referred to as an event, it is a recorded instance of atomic ledger data state change, its process, and outcome on the blockchain.
Transaction Hash	The unique hash value generated after a successful transaction is recorded on the blockchain.
Peer-to-peer Networking	A computer network consisting only of nodes that are equivalent in terms of control and operational capabilities.
TEE (Trusted Execution Environment)	Provides hardware-level resource isolation and trust measurement capabilities, with Intel SGX being the most representative example.
Hash	Defaultly computed by the SHA-256 algorithm, it's an encrypted string displayed in hexadecimal format.
Merkle root	In the construction of a Merkle tree, the final unique hash value calculated by pairwise computations from bottom to top is known as the Merkle root.
Slot	Each slot generates a block, and in CESS, the duration of a slot is 6 seconds.
Epoch	Based on BABE algorithm, an epoch is a time period divided into smaller time slots. Each slot has at least one slot leader, who has the authority to propose a block.
Era	A collection of six epochs. At the end of each era, the consensus rewards for that era are settled. In the fifth epoch, the validator list for the next era is elected.
PoDR²（Proof of Data Reduplication and Recovery）	Data duplication and recovery proof algorithm, used to prove the authenticity of the data.
R²S（Random Rotational Selection）	Random/reputation-based round-robin selection consensus algorithm, underlying based on Polkadot's GRANDPA and NPoS consensus algorithms.
cid（Content Identifier）	Content identifier, used to uniquely identify a specific piece of data content.
Data segment	Dividing a complete data file according to storage specifications, splitting it into fixed-sized data segments.
Data fragment	The data fragment formed after applying redundancy encoding to segments.
Data chunk	When challenging data, data chunk are formed by dividing the fragments into smaller chunk
Data Marking	The Enclave of the TEE Worker is responsible for processing file F and generating a signature-based tag for later proof generation and verification. The TEE Worker sends the output parameters along with file F to storage nodes for storage. The process of invoking this algorithm is also referred to as "Marking."
TEE Worker	Primarily responsible for marking data and generating random data for storage nodes to verify their idle space.
WebAssembly(Wasm)	A stack-based virtual machine instruction format. In CESS, runtime modules are compiled into WebAssembly (Wasm), which is also referred to as Wasm.